Surge protection is a critical aspect of maintaining the reliability and longevity of electrical transformers. Electrical surges, caused by lightning strikes, switching operations, or other transient voltage events, can severely damage transformers and disrupt power distribution. Surge arresters are essential devices that protect transformers by diverting high voltage surges to the ground, preventing damage to the transformer’s insulation and other internal components. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of surge protection in transformers and discuss the different types of surge arresters used in various transformer applications.
Why We Have Surge Arresters
Surge arresters are designed to protect electrical equipment from over voltage transients. These transients can originate from:
- Lightning Strikes: Direct or nearby lightning strikes can induce high voltage surges that travel through power lines.
- Switching Operations: The opening and closing of circuit breakers or switches can generate transient over voltages.
- Fault Conditions: Short circuits or faults can cause voltage spikes in the electrical system.
Without surge arresters, these high voltage surges can lead to insulation breakdown, mechanical damage, and eventual failure of transformers. Surge arresters act as a protective barrier, ensuring that only the designed voltage levels are applied to the transformer.
Types of Surge Arresters
Surge arresters come in various types, each designed to suit specific transformer applications. Let’s delve into the types of surge arresters used for pad mounted transformers, pole mounted transformers, and substation transformers.
Pad Mounted Transformers
Pad mounted transformers are commonly used in urban and suburban areas where underground power distribution is prevalent. They require compact and efficient surge protection solutions.
1. Internal Arrester:
- Description: Built into the transformer, internal arresters provide direct protection to the transformer’s windings and insulation.
- Advantages: Space-saving and eliminates the need for additional external components. Offers integrated protection within the transformer housing.
- Applications: Ideal for transformers located in confined spaces or areas where external equipment is prone to damage or vandalism.
2. Elbow Arrester:
- Descripttion: An external device that connects to the transformer bushing via an elbow connector.
- Advantages: Easy to install and replace without needing to access the inside of the transformer. Provides flexible and accessible protection.
- Applications: Suitable for areas where external components are easily accessible and can be regularly maintained.
Pole Mounted Transformers
Pole mounted transformers are typically found in rural and remote areas. They require robust surge protection due to their exposure to the elements and elevated installation.
1. CSP Arrester:
- Description: Integrated into the windings of the transformer, the CSP (Completely Self-Protected) arrester provides internal surge protection.
- Advantages: Simplifies the overall transformer design by integrating the surge protection. Reduces external hardware and maintenance.
- Applications: Commonly used in single phase pole mounted transformers, providing an all-in-one solution for remote areas.
2. External Arrester:
- Description: Mounted to a cutout above the transformer on the power line, external arresters provide an additional layer of surge protection.
- Advantages: Easy to monitor and replace without disturbing the transformer itself. Enhances the overall surge protection strategy by addressing surges before they reach the transformer.
- Applications: Ideal for banked pole mounted transformers or areas prone to severe weather conditions.
Substation Transformers
Substation transformers are critical nodes in the power distribution network, handling high voltages and requiring the highest level of surge protection.
External Surge Arrester:
- Applications: Essential for substations, where protecting high value equipment from surges is paramount.
- Description: Mounted to a bracket on the transformer, these arresters are designed to handle high energy surges typical in substation environments.
- Advantages: Offers robust protection for high voltage equipment. Easily accessible for inspection and maintenance.
Surge protection is essential for safeguarding transformers from damaging voltage transients. Understanding the types of surge arresters and their applications helps in selecting the right protection for each transformer setup. Whether it’s a pad mounted transformer, a pole mounted transformer, or substation transformer, having the appropriate surge protection ensures the reliability and longevity of the power distribution system. Investing in quality surge protection not only protects valuable equipment but also ensures continuous and stable power delivery to end-users. For more detailed information on surge protection and selecting the right arrester for your application, visit our website. Stay protected and keep your power systems running smoothly!
